Terminal Commands

System

• uname -a            -- print system information
• cat /etc/issue      -– current distribution and version
• lsb_release -a      -– prints version information for the Linux release
• date                -– shows the date
• cal                 -– calculator 
• fsck                -– File System Check

Hardware

• lshw                -- list hardware
• lspci               -- list all PCI devices 
• lspci | grep VGA    –- specific graphics card model 
• hwinfo              -- short overview of all hardware & more detailed info 
• lsusb               -- USB buses and attached devices

Processor

• cat /proc/cpuinfo   -– all processors, clock speeds, flags...
• cat /proc/loadavg   –- processor load average for the last 1, 5, and 15 min 
• top                 –- display Linux tasks 
• uptime              –- current time elapsed since last reboot, users, and load average

Memory

• df -h               –- report file system disk space
• du -sh <path>       –- estimate file space usage
• cat /proc/meminfo   –- amount of RAM and swap, and how much is being used for what
• free -m             –- total, used, and free memory shown in MB 
• df -H               –- partitions, as well as their mount-points and usage in GB

Drivers & Format

• sudo fdisk -l       –- all partitions, their device names, and positions on disk

 
* mount - Mount a Drive
* umount - Unmount Drive
* fdisk - Format Disk
* dd - Dupliate Disk
* df - Disk Free Space

Networking

• ifconfig            –- configure a network interface
  
• iwconfig            –- configure a wireless network interface
• ip addr             –- show / manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels
  
• w                   –- output all currently logged in users and what they’re doing

chkconfig - Check Activated Services
* ping - Test Network Connections
* ftp - file Transfer Protocol
* host - Check IP of Domain
* ifconfig - Configure Network Devices
* netstat - Display Routing Table
* route - Set Routes
* telnet - Connect to telnet
* traceroute - Display Route

Packages

• apt-get install/remove          –- install or remove a package
• aptitude search <packagename>   –-search for a package similar to packagename
• apt-cache showpkg <packagename> –- packagename’s version and dependencies

Managing files

• cp <file> <dest>    –- Copy
• ls                  –- List
• mkdir <foldername>  –- Make Directory 
• mv                  –- Move
• rm                  –- Remove
• grep                –- Search for Text Strings
• head                –- Display Start of File
• less                –- Display Part of File
• more                –- Display Part of File
• tail                –- View the End of a File

Users

•  chgroup            –- change a user group

  chmod - Change Mode
  * su - Switch User

passwd - Create Password
* groupadd - Add a Group
* groupmod - Modify a Group
* chgrp - Change Group
* groupdel - Delete Group
 

Other

• awk                 –- pattern scanning and processing language
  
• alias               –- declare symbolic aliases for perl data
• lshal -m            –- monitor for hardware changes

Tips

• sudo lshw -html > your-file-name.html
• man everything :)

file - typechecking of one or more ps - the ultimate system monitor for command line - also good for scripts
* cat - print out a file in the command line